From Austria With Questions
Young conscientious objector gets Holocaust education during
museum internship.
Steve Lipman - Staff Writer
A
photocopy of a small, handwritten note in German, composed about
60 years ago, was another translation job for Philipp Bulgarini
the other day.
The final words of a death camp-bound Jew in Nazi Germany,
scribbled in a crowded cattle car, the message was apparently
thrown off a train with the hope that it would reach his or
her relatives still in safety.
Bulgarini says the words spoke to him.
A 20-year-old native of Austria, he has worked for the last
14 months as an intern at the Museum of Jewish Heritage
A Living Memorial to the Holocaust, translating German documents
into English, entering information into the museums
computerized data base, training young American volunteers
and doing other historical research.
But the anonymous note was probably the most poignant experience
of Bulgarinis time at the museum, which ends this week,
he says. He doesnt know the identity of the person who
wrote the message, or the persons fate, whether the
note reached its intended recipient or how it came into the
hands of the museum. He just knows that when the copy came
into his hands, at his desk in a museum hallway, he connected
with that person on the train. It was a very touching
experience to have the last words of someone.
It was another part of Bulgarinis Holocaust education.
I was hoping to find answers to the enduring
questions about the period of Nazi genocide How could
it happen? says Bulgarini, a conscientious objector
to military service who worked at the museum under the auspices
of the Austrian-supported Gedenkdienst (Holocaust Memorial
Service) program. One year and two months wasnt enough
time to find the answers that have eluded experts for six
generations. I didnt find the answers to the questions,
he says.
But, Bulgarini adds in the flawless English he learned in
school, I got a better understanding. Im totally
satisfied.
In his hometown of St. Veit, a village of 1,000 people near
Linz, there are no Jews. None that I know of.
The first Jews he met were Holocaust survivors, who spoke
to his classes in Linz about their wartime experiences. Supplementing
the units about the Holocaust that were part of his education
for some eight years, the survivors put a human face on his
history lessons. I had a person I could relate the Holocaust
to.
That was the major experience that made me do this
service at the museum, he says.
First, he decided to apply for conscientious objector status.
He says many young Austrians choose to be COs. Its
totally accepted by society society depends on these
COs as volunteers. To me it was always clear.
Armed force is not the solution to problems. I refuse to use
any weapons. Its because of my belief. I
a church-going Catholic would consider myself
religious.
Then he determined he would work with Holocaust survivors
the Gedenkdienst program offers several such opportunities
in Europe, Israel and the United States.
Then he discovered, on the Internet, the museum in Manhattans
Battery Park City. What intrigued me about the museum
was both its message and its name. The name includes
the words Holocaust and Living. There
are two opposites in the name. That is a very good message
that after the Holocaust life went on.
So he applied, becoming the first volunteer from Austrias
Organization for Alternative Service Abroad to work at the
museum, reading books about Jewish history and culture, working
a half-year at three jobs in Linz to support himself here.
I was hoping to get in touch with survivors on a personal
basis, Bulgarini says. To understand. To make amends
for his countrys past. I think people of my generation
have the responsibility to educate other people that something
like this never happens again. This is a responsibility all
of us have, not only Austrians.
Does he, having grown up in Austria, feel guilt for what
happened there, for Austrians support of the Third Reich?
No, he says. We personally are not responsible for
the Holocaust. His grandparents grew up after World
War II, his parents were born long after the war. You
can not make up for things that happened 50 years ago.
His parents support morally and financially
his work here. His friends are sympathetic. The survivors
he has met on the job have been welcoming, he says.
Bulgarini has translated for the museum both documents written
during the Holocaust by Jews, and those by the Nazis. Hes
done research at the Leo Baeck Institute, and participated
in a project with the Leadership Class of the Stuart S. Elenko
Holocaust Museum and Studies Center of the Bronx High School
of Science.
His co-workers said goodbye one recent morning, presenting
him with museum mementos and a filled-in address book at a
staff party. People were crying.
I wish he was my son, says Louis Levine, the
museums director of collections and acquisitions. He
was moved by everything he was doing. There is nothing we
gave him to do that he didnt do well and with sensitivity.
If theyll send another Philipp, well [accept another
Austrian intern] in a heartbeat.
Back in Austria, Bulgarini, who hopes for an eventual career
at the United Nations, will discuss his internship in several
public speeches, encouraging like-minded youngsters to come
here. Ill probably pick some personal stories.
He was to spend his last days at the museum on his personal
quest. Of course theres always more to learn,
he says. There are still questions. But there are probably
no answers.
And, he says, there are probably more German documents
for me to translate. n
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